You may have to manually create labels from the Gmail web interface like:
- [Gmail]/Archived
 
- [Gmail]/Drafts
 
- [Gmail]/Queue
 
- [Gmail]/Sent
 
- [Gmail]/Trash
 
They'll be useless in the web interface, but they are functional in claws mail.
Navigate the menus to  Configuration > Edit Accounts > Advanced
Set these items:
- sent messages
 - #imap/user.name@gmail.com/[Gmail]/Sent Mail
 
- queued messages
 - #imap/user.name@gmail.com/[Gmail]/Queue
 
- draft messages
 - #imap/user.name@gmail.com/[Gmail]/Drafts
 
- deleted messages
 - #imap/user.name@gmail.com/[Gmail]/Archived
 
Note that this makes the "delete" action into "archive". The next step is to modify the delete icon to look like archive.
Navigate the menus to Configuration > Preferences > Toolbars > Main Window
Click the delete toolbar item in the table, change it's toolbar text to "Archive" then pick a suitable icon (I use the folder with an arrow).